“木桶短板”理论失效?
观点 · 2015-02-04
返回Bombardini, Gallipoli, and Pupato发表在
传统比较优势理论强调一国要素禀赋的一阶矩(如人力资本与物质资本存量)对其贸易模式的影响,该文研究一国劳动者技能的离散程度这个二阶矩对其比较优势进而贸易模式的影响。其简要逻辑如下。有些产品(如航天器)的生产需要多道工序,且任何一道工序出现差错都会影响整个产品的正常使用;也就是说,这些行业中的劳动者技能是互补的,对于这些行业而言,在所有的工序中雇佣技能水平相近的劳动者会提高整个产品的生产效率。相反地,其他一些产品(如衣服)的使用并不要求每一道工序都是优良的,某些完成得较差的工序可以用其他完成得较好的工序进行弥补;因而这些行业中的劳动者技能互补性不如前一类行业。可以推断,那些劳动者技能分布比较紧凑的国家在对技能互补性要求比较高的行业更有比较优势,而那些劳动者技能分布比较分散的国家的在对技能互补性要求更低的行业更有比较优势。该文的实证结果支持这一推断。
Abstract: Is skill dispersion a source of comparative advantage? In this paper we use microdata from the International Adult Literacy Survey to show that the effect of skill dispersion on trade flows is quantitatively similar to that of the aggregate endowment of human capital. In particular we investigate, and find support for, the hypothesis that countries with a more dispersed skill distribution specialize in industries characterized by lower complementarity of workers skills. The result is robust to the introduction of controls for alternative sources of comparative advantage, as well as to alternative measures of industry-level skill complementarity.
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