减贫理论、夫妻获奖、最年轻得主 | 2019诺贝尔经济学奖揭晓

瑞典斯德哥尔摩当地时间14日中午，2019年诺贝尔经济学奖揭晓，获奖者为两位来自MIT的教授阿比吉特·巴纳吉(Abhijit Banerjee)、埃丝特·迪弗洛(Esther Duflo)，以及哈佛大学教授迈克尔·克雷默(Michael Kremer)，以表彰他们“在减轻全球贫困方面的实验性做法”，值得一提的是，阿比吉特·巴纳吉正是埃斯特·迪弗洛的博士论文导师，同时也是夫妻。                           

从左到右依次为阿比吉特•巴纳吉(Abhijit Banerjee)，埃丝特•迪弗洛(Esther Duflo)，以及哈佛大学教授迈克尔•克雷默(Michael Kremer)（图片来源：诺贝尔奖官网）

第一位获奖者阿比吉特·巴纳吉(Abhijit Banerjee)是MIT教授，1961年出生于印度孟买，1988年获得博士学位。

（图片来源MIT官网）

MIT官网介绍如下：

Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee was educated at the University of Calcutta, Jawaharlal Nehru University and Harvard University, where he received his Ph.D in 1988. He is currently the Ford Foundation International Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 2003 he founded the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL), along with Esther Duflo and Sendhil Mullainathan, and he remains one of the lab’s directors. Banerjee is a past president of the Bureau for the Research in the EconomicAnalysis of Development, a Research Associate of the NBER, a CEPR research fellow, International Research Fellow of the Kiel Institute, a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Econometric Society, and has been a Guggenheim Fellow and an Alfred P. Sloan Fellow and a winner of the Infosys prize. He is the author of a large number of articles and four books, including Poor Economics (www.pooreconomics.com), which won the Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year. He is the editor of three more books and has directed two documentary films. He also served on the U.N. Secretary-General’s High-level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda.

第二位获奖者埃丝特·迪弗洛（Esther Duflo）同样来自MIT，值得一提的是她不仅是第二位获得诺贝尔经济学奖的女性，同样也是最年轻的诺贝尔经济学奖获得者。

（图片来源MIT官网）

MIT官网介绍如下：

Duflo is the Editor of the American Economic Review,a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy.

（图片来源：哈佛大学官网）

哈佛大学官网介绍如下：

Michael Kremer is the Gates Professor of Developing Societiesin the Department of Economics at Harvard University. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship and a Presidential Faculty Fellowship, and was named a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum. Kremer’s recent research examines education, health, water, and agriculture in developing countries. He has been named as one of Scientific American’s 50 researchers of the year, and has won awards for his work on health economics, agricultural economics, and on Latin America. He helped develop the advance market commitment (AMC) forvaccines to stimulate private investment in vaccine research and the distribution of vaccines for diseases in the developing world.  In the fall of 2010 he became the founding Scientific Director of Development Innovation Ventures (DIV) at USAID. Dr. Kremer received his PhD in Economics from Harvard University. He is a member of the board of Precision Agriculture for Development.

诺贝尔经济学奖历史回顾

诺贝尔经济学奖是表彰有关人员在宏观经济学、微观经济学、新的经济分析方法等领域所作的贡献。作为最年轻的诺奖，经济学奖并不是根据诺贝尔遗嘱设立，而是1968年正值瑞典银行300周年大庆，并由瑞典皇家科学院于1969年首次颁奖。按照诺奖官方的规定，任何提名和提名相关任何信息都必须保密50年。

从1969年到现在，先后有12版英文译名，当下在用的版本是The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel（瑞典国家银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖）。

（图片来源：诺贝尔奖官网）

埃丝特·迪弗洛（Esther Duflo）获奖时为46岁，打破了之前51岁获得诺贝尔奖经济学奖的记录，成为最年轻的获奖者。之前的纪录保持者为肯尼斯•阿罗（Kenneth Arrow），他在1972年获得颁奖时为51岁。

莱昂尼德·赫维奇（Leonid Hurwicz）

此外，埃丝特·迪弗洛（Esther Duflo）是第二位获得诺贝尔经济学奖的女性，首位获颁诺贝尔经济学奖女性为2009年美国经济学家埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆（Elinor Ostrom）。

首位诺贝尔经济学奖获得女性——埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆（Elinor Ostrom）（图片来源：indiana）